A difference is made between small, daily maintenance and major maintenance.
Small, daily maintenance: This is maintenance that a tenant has to solve himself, such as oiling hinges, unclogging the sink and repairing small defects such as painting spots on the wall or replacing lamps in your own living space.
Major maintenance: This is maintenance that the landlord must solve, such as floor and/or wall damage in the event of water leaks, broken windows and frames, painting outside, etc. The landlord may not charge you for this either.
For a full list of maintenance, see also the website of the Dutch government.